Rotary crusher



F. W. HACK ROTARY CRUSHER Aug. 19, 1952 4 Sheets-Sheei. 1

Filed March 9, 1949 lllllllllllllllllllll ll II llllllllllll llllll llm 'l firefi'fi FRANK W. HACK a mh/w fizz-7 5.

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ROTARY CRUSHER Aug. 1 952 Filed March 9, 1949 u k e U FRANK K u 19, 1952 F. w. HA CK ROTARY CRUSHER 4' Sheets-Sheet 4 JYTZZEITZAIJFI FRANK HACK;

llllllllllllllllll II II l ll II Filed March 9, 1949 Patented Aug. 19, 1952 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE This invention relatm to improvements in crushers such as are used for crushing or breaking 'rock, ore and other materials.

More particularly this invention relates to a crusher having rotating anvil members.

Heretofore, crushers have been used in which a rotating anvil is operated against a stationary anvil for breaking lumps therebetween. Such a construction necessarily produced considerable friction at the contact surfaces of the anvil and excessive wearing of the parts resulted.

According to the teachings of the present invention a pair of anvils having generally circular faces are disposed opposite each other in a tubular housing. One anvil, hereinafter referred to as the drive anvil, has a working face that is inclined relative to the central axis of the housing about which it is rotated by gearing located outside of the housing. A driven anvil is spring pressed against the drive anvil, being secured in an anvil head which is free to reciprocate in the tubular housing. While the face of the driven anvil is disposed at an angle to the central axis of the housing, it is perpendicular to an oblique axis about which it may freely rotate. When the drive anvil is rotated it will move with the well known wobble-plate camming action, first forcing the driven anvil longitudinally in the housing against the compression of the springs and then permitting the springs to return it to its original position. Since the drive anvil rotates from 300 to, 500 revolutions per minute, a crushing action, in the nature of a trip hammer movement, is directed against the rock or ore fed in between the anvils. Wear due to friction between the moving parts of the anvils is substantially eliminated by the freely rotatable mounting provided for the driven anvil. This construction permits a rolling and grinding action to take place between the contacting surfaces, which action has the added advantageous eifect of grinding the small pieces of rock between the surfaces to a substantially granular consistency.

It is therefore an object of this invention to provide a rotary crushing machine in which wear due to friction between the contacting surfaces of the anvil is largely eliminated.

Another object of this invention is to provide a crushing machine in which both crushing and grinding actions are utilized to reduce ore to a granular form.

A further object of this invention is to provide a rotary crusher in which anti-friction bearings are employed to absorb the crushing impact, permitting controlled rotation of the driven anvil in the reciprocating anvil head.

A still further object of this invention is to provide a rotary crusher in which the drive anvil rotates the driven anvil and operates with a camming action to cause reciprocation of the driven anvil.

Another object of this invention is to provide a crushing machine having a enerally tubular housing construction ,which may be made from standard piping.

Another and further object of this invention is to provide a crushing machine in which wearing parts may be quickly replaced without dismantling the machine.

Another and still further object of this invention is to provide a crusher having means for adjusting the pressure exerted between the anvil faces to accommodate the pressure requirements for crushing various materials.

Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent to one skilled in the art from the following detail description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings.

On the drawings:

Figure 1 is a fragmentary elevational view, partly broken away and partly in section, of the rotary crusher of the present invention;

Figure 2 is a vertical sectional view taken substantially on line II-II of Figure 1;

Figure 3 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view taken substantially on line IIIIII of Figure 2;

Figure 4 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view taken substantially on line IVIV of Figure 1;

Figure 5' is a fragmentary plan view of the crushing machine of the present invention;

Figure 6 is an elevational view of the-anvils of the present invention, isolated from the rest of the crushing machine, showing the anvil faces at the beginning of the crushing stroke;

Figure 7' is an elevational view of the anvil members similar to Figure 6 but showing the position of the anvils at an intermediate portion of the stroke; and

Figure 8 is a view similar to Figures 6 and 7 showing the anvils in their relative positions at the end of the crushing stroke.

As shown on the drawings:

In Figure 1, the reference numeral I0 indicates generally the housing of a rotary crushing machine. This housing comprises a tubular body member H which has an end portion Ha of reduced external diameter closely disposed in a circular opening I2a of an upstanding end plate I2, with a shoulder Hb abutting the plate I2. The end portion 5 la is bottomed in a cylindrical recess Ifia located in a flange I5 of a spring cover member 5. The cover member I5 also includes a cylindrical body portion I7 on which is threaded a cap member I8.

At its opposite end, Figure 3, the body member II has an end portion IIc of reduced external diameter extending through an opening a of an upstanding end plate and has a shoulder Hd abutting the plate 25. bottomed in a cylindrical recess 22a of an end cover member 22. The body member II is held in place between the end plates I2 and 20 by a plurality of bolts 24, the heads of which are disposed against the flange portion 22b of the cover member 22 with nuts 25 threaded onto their opposite ends against the flange I5 of the cover member I5. v V

As'best seen in Fig; 1 the end plates Hand 26 extend below the body H and have substantially horizontal foot members I21) and flanges I20 arranged to provide a supporting base for the crusher. I

To afford means for introducing rock and ore into the crushing machine, an opening He, Figures 2 and 3, is provided in the upper surface of the housing II. A chute 21, having diverging front and rear walls 28 and 29, respectively, is secured over the opening He by a plurality of cap screws 38. chute are disposed on the housing I I close to the edge of the opening I Ie.

Diametrically opposed to the inlet opening I Ie in the housing H is a discharge opening II 1 arranged to receive a replaceable ore chamber unit, which will be described in detail hereinafter.

Disposed inside 'the housing II immediately below the inlet opening He, is a drive anvil which has a flat circular working face 35a of hardened steel surrounded by an inclined annular peripheral portion 35b. The plane of the face 35a of the anvil is inclined at an angle other than a right angle to the central axis of the tubular housing I I as shown in Fig. 3. The anvil is arranged to rotate with-a revolving-head 36 which has a projection 35a threaded into the back of the anvil. The head 35 is secured to a drive shaft 38 by a lock nut 39, the drive shaft being disposed for rotation on the central axis of the tubular housing by means of a flywheel AI and a driven gear 52 which is associated with an external source of power.

A setof roller thrust bearings i5 is disposed between the end cover 29 and the head 35. To prevent dustfrom the crushing operationfrom finding its way into the bearing 45, a sealring 46 is held by a retainer 57 tightly against the head 36 and also against'the inner wall of, the housing l I. The drive shaft itself rotates on the central axis of the tubular housing l and is journaled in anti-friction bearings 48 in a tubular housing 49 welded to the end plate 22. Thus, the anvil 35 is disposed for rotation about the central axis of the tubular housing but, due to the inclined position of the anvil, its face will constantly change its angular position relative to a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the housing.

A driven anvil 55- is disposed beneath the inlet opening He in confronting relation to the drive anvil 35. The drivenanvil has a circular face 55a bounded by an annular'inclined peripheral The end portion H0 is.

The side walls 3| and 32 of the portion 50b, which, in the embodiment illustrated in Figure 3, is slightly narrower than the annular portion 35b of the anvil 35. An anvil head 52 of circular vertical cross-section is disposed in the tubular housing I I behind the anvil 50, having its surfaces slightly spaced from the wall of the housing. A cylindrical bore 52a is provided in the head 52 disposed at an angle downwardly from the central axis of the housing II.- An idler shaft 54 is journaled for rotation in a double roller bearing assembly 55, the races of which are pressed between the shaft 54 and the Walls of the inclined cylindrical bore 52:]. abutting a shoulder 52b of the head 52.

An enlarged circular end portion 54a of the shaft 54 is threaded into the anvil 55 so that the anvil is free to rotate with the shaft.

To absorb the shock loads incident to the operation of the crusher, a roller thrust bearing assembly 55 is arrangedbetween the end portion 55a of the shaft 54 and a shoulder portion 520 of the anvil head 52. One race of the bearing 56 is positioned in a recess 540 in the endportion of the shaft 54, while the other race is pressed against the shoulder EZc. A nut 51 threaded on the shaft 56 draws the end portion 54a against the bearing assembly 55 and urges the bearing assembly 55 into place against the shoulder 52b. The shaft 55 is thus mounted for free rotation on the roller bearings 55 and 55. Since the thrust load will be borne'by the thrust bearing 55,. no binding of the shaft will result during operation.

The dust generated in the crushing operation is excluded from the bearings 55 and 55 by means of a resilient seal ring 53 which is held in a retainer 59- against a shoulder of the anvil head 52 and against the rotating anvil 50.

As best seenin Figures 1 and 3, a plurality of reciprocating shafts 58; are threaded into a plate 6| which is'secured by screws 62 to the anvil head 52,. Near one end, each shaft 5 is slidably disposed in a hollow adjusting member or sleeve 54 which has a forward shoulder Me, a rear hexagonal head 64?) and a central exteriorly threaded portion 640 which is threaded into an opening IBb in the end cover member N. A coil spring 53 is disposed around each shaft between the shoulder 54a and a thrust Washer 55, Figure 3, near the forward end of the shaft 68. Since the longitudinal backward -movement of the anvil head 52 causes the springs 63 to be compressed, it will be readily seen that the force which resists movement of the anvil and therefore the reaction force causing forward movement thereof can be varied by adjusting the sleeve 64 in the end cover I8.

The head 52 is mounted for reciprocating movement in the housing I I but held against r0- tat ion therein'by means of blocks 66, Figures 1 and 4, which are secured by cap screws 61 in recesses 52d extending longitudinally on both sides of the head 52. Each block 66 extends outwardlythrough a longitudinal slot 68 in the hous ing II and has a V-shaped outer contact portion 66a arranged for sliding movement in a V-shaped surface of a gib Ill. The gib 15' has a reduced portion Illa fitting tightly into a slot 12a of a support block 72 which is held in a substantially horizontal position by bracesv I3 attached to the housing II. A plurality of screws I4 secure the gib T0 to the support block 12. To prevent dirt from entering the housing, a felt seal 15 is arranged in a groove 15 inv the housing on all four sides of each slot. 68 in the housing. The seal 15 is held in place by washers TI and a cover member 18 secured to the housing by cap screws The anvil head 52 is thus mounted for reciproit can go toward the left against the compression of the spring 63. Figure 8 shows the anvils-when the spring has returned the anvil 52 to the right.

Figure 7 illustrates an intermediate position It is to be noted that the drive anvil 35 does not move longitudinally in the housing but only rotates while the anvil 50 rotates and reciprocates.

At the beginning of the stroke, as illustrated in Figure 8, the flat faces of the anvils are in contact, while at the middle of the stroke, Figure 6, only the peripheral edges of the anvil are in contact. Thus, it will be seen, that between these two extremes the contact of the faces is decreased while the contact of the peripheral portions is increased.

In operation, rock will be fed in between the anvils when'they are in the position illustrated in Figures 3 and 6. As the drive anvil 35 is further rotated, the springs 63 move the anvil 58 toward the anvil 35 as the anvils approach the position shown in Figure 8. Thus, the rock will be squeezed between the anvils. Since the anvil 35 rotates at a speed of from 300 to 500 R. P. M., the anvil 50 will be reciprocated rapidly in the housing and the rock will be subjected to a series of rapid hammer-like blows, as the larger pieces are broken and give way between the anvils.

As previously stated, the rolling action of one anvil on the other tends to grind the smaller pieces of rock to a granular consistency.

To receive the crushed ore and rock after it has been broken between the anvils, there is positioned in the discharge opening I I f of the housing l I 'an ore chamber unit 88. This unit 80 comprises two longitudinal side members Bl 811C182 which are secured at their end portions to plates 83 and 84 by a plurality of cap screws 85. As best seen in Figure 2, the side members 8| and 82 are slanted downwardly and inwardly to direct the crushed ore into a processing unit 86 positioned therebelow. A side plate 81 is secured between the casing of the unit 86 and the housing H of the crushing machine immediately behind each side member.

Each of the end plates 83 and 84 has an upper surface formed on the radius of the inner surface of the housing II and is provided on this surface with a series of spaced, radially extending, squared slots 83a. A set of square bars 88 is supported across the chamber with their ends positioned in the slots 83 of each end plate. The spacing of the bars permits a rough grading of the crushed particles of ore, and, since the bars are square and radially disposed, a tapered discharge passage is formed between the bars which prevents clogging.

The ore chamber 88 is mounted as a, unit in the discharge opening by a plurality of bolts 89 and 90, Figure 3. The bolts 89 have their heads countersunk in the end plate 20 and pass freely through a spacer block 9| for threading into the end member 84 of the unit. The bolts 90 secure the end member 83 to an upright support member 92 which has a substantially horizontal cradle member 92a, Figure 1, disposed in supporting contact under the body ll. Thus, by removal of the bolts 89 and 90 the chamber 80 can be quickly-and easily replaced when worn. Also, the bars 88 areeasily removed from the unit-itself when it is disconnected from the housing.

It is now seen that there is provided inthis invention, a drive anvil having an inclined face mounted for rotation about the central axis-of the tubular housing. A driven anvil, freely rotatable about an inclined axis, is arranged to reciprocate in the tubular housing in cooperation with a slidable spring-pressed anvil head and to transmit the crushing load through anti-friction thrust bearing to the anvil head. The angle between the faces a and a is indicated to be substantially the same as the angle between the axes of the shafts 38 and 54. This'relationship insures the contacting 0r parallel relationship between said faces that is illustrated inzFig. 8. The axes of said shafts 38 and 54 lie in the same plane .and therefore are intersecting. The peripheries of the anvil faces 35a and 50a lie in a cylinder having substantially a common axis.

The anvils rotate at such a speed as to cause hammer-like blows to be struck on the rock disposed therebetween and to discharge the crushed rock into a replaceable ore chamber.

It will, of course, be understood that various details of construction may be varied through a wid range without departing from theprinciples of this invention and it is, therefore, not the purpose to limitthe patent granted hereon otherwise than necessitated by the's'cope of theappended claims.

I claim asmy invention:

1. In'a crushing machine, a pair of anvils mounted for rotation about axes lying in the same plane and inclined toward each other, said anvils presenting fully confronting circular work ing faces the outer peripheries of which lie in cylinders having substantially a common axis, the face of one of said anvils being inclined at an angle other than to its anvil axis and the face of the other anvil being at 90 to its anvil axis, means resiliently urging saidworking faces toward each other and driving means for rotating one of said anvils. I I

2. In a crushing machine, a pair of anvils having axes inclined toward each other and intersecting each other if projected, a first of said anvils being mounted for-rotation in an axially fixed position and having a working face which lies substantially in a plane inclinedat other than 90 to said first anvil axis, the second of said anvils being mountedjfor freerotation about its axis andfor bodily movement toward and away from said first anvil and having a' working face which lies substantially in a plane at right angles to said second anvil axis, means constantly and resiliently urging said second anvil-toward said first anvil, and driving means for rotating said first anvil, the inclinations referred to being such that as said anvils are rotated their re-.- spective working faces tend under the action-of said Jr'esilient 'means to move relativelytoward each other from an "open relationship ,with marginal portions only in contact to a substantially fullface contact. K

3. In a crushing machine, a housing having a cylindrical inner surface, a pair of anvils mounted in said housing having axes inclined toward each other and intersecting each other if projected, a first of said anvils being mounted for rotation in an axially fixed position and having a circular workingface which lies substantially in aplane inclined at other than 90 to said first anvil axis,

.7 the second'of said anvils being mounted fonfree :aeonsso .7 rotation about its axis :and :for bodily movement toward and away :from said first anvil and having galc'ircular working "face :which lies substan- -;tially :a :plane :at right anglesrto .said second :anviil axis, said anvils being :of slightly less diamlater than said :cylindrical surface to: provide running clearance with said housing, means con- :stantl-y and resiliently urging said second anvil toward :said first :anvil, and driving :means :for T- :tating said first anvil, the inclination referred toibeingzsuohzthatas said anvils are rotated'their respectiveworking 'faces'tend under the :action of :said resilient :means to :move relatively toward :each other from an open relationship with 'marn'gmal jaortionsnnly :in contact :to a substantially iull facerontact.

IIni-a crushing :machine, atubular housing, a firstanvil imoun'ted atherein .for;rotation about the axis :of -.said :housing and having :a circular :central working surface which is hat and lies in a plane :inclined to said :axis at other than 90"., a second ianvil mounted. :for longitudinal :movement inzsaidrhous'ing, said second anvil :being mounted for rotation about an axis inclined :to said Jhousing axis and .having a circular central working surface which isfiatzandzlies in a plane at right angles :to "the second :anvil axis, :said anvils having za small circumferential clearance with 11'8- spedttto, said housing, means-for driving said first anvil and :resilient .rneans urging said second anvil toward said :first anvil. V

5. In a crushing machine, a tubular housing, a first anvil mounted therein ;forrotation about the axis of saidhousing and having .a circular central working surface which is flat and :lies in a plane inclined to said axis at other than 90", a second anvil mounted 'for longitudinal movement .in said housing, said second anvil being mounted for rotation about an axis inclined to said housing axis and having a circular central working surface which :isrfiat and lies in :a plane at right angles to the second anvil axis, said .anvils having :a small circumferential clearance with respect to said :housing and said working tfaces having beveled marginal surfaces normally in contact each other at some point during rotation of said :first .anvil, means for driving said ifirst anvil and resilient means urging said second anvil toward said first anvil. p I 6; Ina crushing machine, a first anvil mounted for rotation about itsaxis and having a workin facet-fixedly disposed at an angle other than a rightrangle to-said axis, azsecond anvil having an axis of rotation lying in the same plane as said first axis but at an angle thereto substantially cgual to saidfirst mentioned angle and having :a. working face fixedly disposed at right angles to said second anvil axis and opposed to said first working face, means constantly and resiliently urging-said working faces toward each other and powenmeans driving only one of said anvils to ef-- fect positive rotation of said one anvil, the other anvilzbeing freely rotatable and driven from said one 'zanvil partlythrough direct frictional contact of said working faces and partly through indirect frictional contact through the material undergoing zcrushing action.

"'7. Ina crushing machine, a first anvil mounted for "rotation about its axis and having a working face fixedly disposed at an angle other than a right angle to said axis, a second anvil having an axis-of rotaition'lying in the same plane as said first axis but :at an angle thereto substantially equal to said first mentioned angle and having a working face fixedly disposed at right angles to said "second anvil axis and opposed to said first working face, means constantly and resiliently urging said working faces toward each other and power means driving only one of "said anvils to effect positive rotation of said one anvil, the other :anvil :being freely-rotatable and driven :fromsaid one anvil partly through direct .frictionalcontact of said working faces and partly through indirect frictional contact through the :material undergoingecrushing action, said'workirig faces having cooperating central circular fiat "portions and beveled peripheral portionsthat exert a crushing, rolling and-grinding action 11110111511611 material.

8. In a crushing machine, .a housing having an inner cylindrical surface, adrive anvil within said housing mounted for rotationaboutthezaxis of said cylindrical surface and having :a 'workm face disposed at an angle .other than I a -right angle to said axis, a driven anvil within said housing mounted for rotation about an 'axisxlying .at :an angle to said first axis substantially equal to said first mentioned angle and having ta working face disposed at right angles to said Idriven :anvil axis, said working :faces :being opposed to eachother and :having peripheral running clear-- ance with respect to said cylindrical .surface, means constantly and resiliently urging :said "working faces toward each other and power means, driving said drive anvil. q

9. Ina crushing machine, a housing having an inner cylindrical surface, a :drive :a-nvil within said housing mounted for rotation about "the :axis of said cylindrical surface and having a working face disposed at an angle other than a right angle to said surface, a driven ianvil within said housing mounted for rotation about an axis lying at an angle to said first axis substantially equal to said first :mentioned angle and having a working face disposed at right angles to said driven anvil axis, said working faces being opposed to Leach-other rand having peripheral running clearance with respect to said cylindrical surface, means constantly and resiliently urging said working faces toward each other andpower means driving said drive anvil, said working faces having cooperating central circular fiat portions and beveled peripheral portions that exert a crush-ing, roll-ing and grinding action upon such material asis disposed there between to be crushed.

10. .A crushing machine, comprising a housing having an upper feed opening, a lower discharge opening and an inner cylindrical surface with a horizontal axis, a drive anvil within said housing mounted in axially fixed position for rotation about said axis and having a working face at an angle other than a right angle to said axis, a driven anvil Within said housing mounted for axial movement therein and freely rotatable about an axis inclined at an angle to said first axis substantially equal to said first mentioned angle, said driven anvil having a working face at right angles to said driven anvil axis and confronting said first working face, said an vil's having peripheral running clearance with respect to said cylindrical surfaceand having an angular relationship at one stage during the operation of said machine that provides an opening there-'- between beneath said feed opening and cooperating therewith for receiving material to be crushed, means constantly and resiliently urging said driven anvil axially of said housing to ward said drive anvil, and power means driving only said-drive anvil.

11. A crushing machine, comprising a housaxis substantially equal to said first mentioned angle, said driven anvil having a working face at right angles to said driven anvil axis and confronting said first working face, said anvils having peripheral running clearance with respect to said cylindrical surface and having an angular relationship at one stage during the operation of said machine that provides an opening therebetween beneath said feed opening and cooperating therewith for receiving material to be crushed, means constantly and resiliently urging said driven anvil axially of said housing toward said drive anvil, power means driving only said drive anvil, and anti-friction bearings supporting each of said anvils for rotation and against thrust loads.

12. A machine for crushing rock or the like comprising a tubular housing, a first anvil rotatably mounted in said housing about an axis common to the axis of said housing and having a rock contacting face inclined relative to said axis, a second anvil mounted in said housing for free rotation about an oblique axis and having a rock contacting face normal to said oblique axis, an anvil head associated with saidsecond anvil and movable longitudinally of said housing, spring means between said housing and said anvil head, means for adjusting the tension of said spring means, and means for rotating said first anvil, said spring means tending to urge the rock crushing faces of said anvils into contact with each other, whereby rotation of said first anvil causes rotation and reciprocation of said second anvil.

13. A machine for crushing rock or the like comprising a tubular housing, a power driven rotary anvil in said housing having a face inclined relative to the axis of rotation of the anvil, a second anvil movable longitudinally in said housing and freely rotatable about an axis inclined relative to the axis of rotation of said power driven anvil, said anvils having peripheral running clearance with said housing, the face of said second anvil being substantially normal to its axis of rotation and in full confronting relationship to the inclined face of said power driven anvil, and spring means urging the faces of said anvils together, whereby said power driven anvil moves said second anvil longitudinally in said housing during a portion of each revolution of said power driven anvil against the action of said spring means. I

14. A machine for crushing rock or the like comprising a tubular housing, a pair of oppositely disposed anvils mounted for rotation in said housing with running clearance between said anvils and said housing, said anvils having flat working faces fully confronting each other and defining a rock-crushing zone therebetween, one of said anvils being rotatable about the axis of said housing and having a face inclined at other than to theaxis, the other anvil being slidable in said housing and rotatable about an axis inclined to said first axis and having a face normal to said other anvil axis, and spring means urging said anvilstogether, the faces of said anvils in an open position being in contact at their rim portions during a portion of each r0- tation of said one anvil and being in closed flat contact across their faces during another portion of each rotation, said spring means tending to move said slidable anvil longitudinally in said housing in one direction to close said anvils and said inclined anvil during rotation tending to move said slidable anvil in an opposite direction toward an open position.

15. A machine for crushing rock or the like comprising a tubular housing, a pair of opposed contacting anvilsmounted for rotation in said housing with running clearance between said anvils and said housing, said anvils having fiat circular working faces in fully confronting relationship defining a rock-crushing zone therebetween, one of said anvils having a face inclined relative to the axis of rotation to cause longitudinal movement "of the other of said anvils, and spring means urging said anvils toward each other, whereby when rock becomes lodged between said anvil faces the contact between the faces will temporarily be broken and continued rotation of the anvils will cause a squeezing action to be applied to the rock resulting in a series of hammer-like blows as the rock crumples between the anvil faces.

FRANK W. HACK.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:'

UNITED STATES PATENTS 7 Number Name Date 233,278 Rae Oct. 12, 1880 263,226 Rogers Aug. 22, 1882 423,832 Stilers Mar. 18, 1890 698,441 Brown Apr. 29, 1902 829,792 Kramer Aug. 28, 1906 1,025,895 Willners May 7, 1912 1,310,031 Paschall July 15, 1919 2,083,462 Long June. 8, 1937 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 174,817 Germany Aug. 23, 1906 

